علاقة الإشعاع الشمسي والإشعاع الأرضي
بدرجة الحرارة في العراق
للمدة (1970 - 2007)
هديل عبد المجيد عباس الشاعر
إلى مجلس كلية التربية للبنات جامعة الكوفة
وهي جزء من متطلبات نيل درجة ماجستير
في الجغرافية
بإشراف
الأستاذ المساعد الدكتور
علي مهدي الدجيلي
1430هـ - 2009م
The Solar Radiation and Terrestrial Radiation
Relation with Temperature
in Iraq for (1970-2007)
A Thesis
A thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Education for Girls in partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Master Degree
in Geography
By
Hadeel Abdul-Majeed Abbas Al-Sha'er
Supervised by
Asst. Prof Dr. Ali Mahdi Al-Dejely
2009 A.D - 1430 A.H
Abstract
This research is one of the geographic effort relating climatology which aims to clarify the relation between the solar radiation and terrestrial radiation relation with temperature in Iraq.
The research is conducted in eight stationed distributed on the field of Iraq as follows ((Mosel , Karkuk , Baghdad , Routba , Al-Hai , Al-Diwaniya , Al-Nasiriya and Basrah)) . The research depends on climatic data and information about these station from the Iraq general institution of meteorology for (1970-2007) , the research includes four chapters with a number of charts , tables and figures.
The first chapter studies the theoretical form which includes the research aim , importance and reasons in addition to defining the research problem , hypothesis , the study area , the previous studies and the relating terms and scientific conceptions.
The second chapter deals with the physical processes controlling the solar radiation system and temperature and the ways of assessing the short and long wave solar radiation via three topics consecutively.
The third chapter is devoted to the characteristics of the solar radiation and terrestrial radiation and temperature in the study area via two topics respectively.
The fourth chapter analyses the relation between the solar radiation and terrestrial radiation with temperature in the study area.
The researcher concludes a number of results that might be summarized as following :
1- The researcher calculates the solar radiation value in the study area ,the yearly average ranging between (15.97) and (17.44) ml.watt\cm2.
2- Calculating the terrestrial radiation value in the study area , the yearly average ranging between (3.83) and (6.62) ml.watt\cm2.
3- The research shows that there is a direct relation between the solar radiation and the solar radiation incidence angle , the theoretical and actual radiance hours and the dust phenomena in the study area , The connection values with the solar radiation incidence angle was between (0.960) and (0.985) , with the theoretical radiance (0.967) and (0.990), with the actual radiance (0.897) and (0.975) , with the dust storms the connection were insignificant in the study area except station Hai and Nasiriya and Basrah , the connection values between (0.711) and (0.862), with the rising dust (0.544) and (0.970) , with the suspended dust (0.587) and (0.982) , Its relations with relative humidity , clouding and fog were adverse , the connection values were (0.888-) and (0.954-) , (0.729-) and (0.838-) , (0.691-) (0.809-) respectively . It become clear that there are climatic factors b that control the value of the solar radiation , the theoretical radiance and the solar radiation incidence angle were the most effective once.
4- The study shows that there is a direct relation between the terrestrial radiation and the solar radiation incidence angle , the theoretical and actual radiance hours and the dust phenomena in the study area , the connection values with the solar radiation incidence angle was ranging between (0.679) and (0.832) , with the theoretical radiance (0.643) and (0.826) , with the actual radiance (0.870) and (0.936) with the dust storms the connection were insignificant in the study area except station Nasiriya , the connection values (0.802) , with the rising dust (0,630) and (0.851) except station Karkuk and Rutba the connection were insignificant , with the suspended dust (0.683) and (0.952) except station Rutba and Diwaniya the connection were insignificant . It's relations with relative humidity , clouding and fog and dust storms were adverse , and the connection values were (0.877) and (0.968-) , (0.800-) and (0.929-) , and (0.610-) and (0.733-) except station Rutba the connection were insignificant . The research shows that there are climatic factors that affect the value of the long wave solar radiation , clouding is the most effective ones in the study area.
5- The study shows that there is a direct relation between temperature and the solar radiation incidence angle , the theoretical and actual radiance and the dust phenomena in the study area , the connection value with the incidence angle were between (0.857) and (0.925) , with the theoretical radiance (0.867) and (0.894) with the actual radiance ( 0.967) and (0.988) with the dust storms the connection were insignificant in the study area except station Al-Hai and Nasiriya and Basrah , the connection values between (0.527) and (0.802) , and (0.802) with the rising dust (0.676) and (0.912) except station Rutba the connection were insignificant , with the suspended dust (0.536) and (0.970) .It's relations with the relative humidity , clouding and fog were adverse and the connection values were (0.983-) and (0.995-) , (0.848-) and (0.952-) , (0.652-) and (0.823-) respectively . The climatic factors affect controlling temperature , the relative humidity is the most effective one in the study area.
6- The study shows that there is a strong direct relations between the solar radiation and terrestrial radiation and temperature in the study area , the connection values of the solar radiation with temperature ranging between (0.886) and (0.938) , while those of the terrestrial radiation were (0.907) and (0.979) , It had been clarified that the terrestrial radiation is the most effective factor that affect temperature in the study area where it's contribution was (82.2%) and (96.9%) in all the stations of the study area.
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