CLIMATOLOGY

BY

A. AUSTIN MILLER, M.Sc.

LECTURER IN GEOGRAPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF' READI~G

WITH 72 MAPS AND DIAGRAMS

METHUEN & CO. LTD.

36 ESSEX STREET w.e.

LONDON

First ,Published in I9JI

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

METHUEN'S ADVANCED GEOGRAPHIES

NORTH AMERICA rl

An Historical, Economic and Regional

Geography

By LL. RODWELL JONES, Ph~D., B.Sc., and P. W.

BRYAN, Ph.D. With 104 Maps and Diagrams.

Third Edition, Revised. Demy 8vo. 21S. net.

SOUTH AMERICA

An Economic and Regional Geography

By E. W. SHANAHAN, M.A., D.Sc. With 50 Maps

and Diagrams. Second Edition, Revised. Demy 8vo.

0145. net.

THE POLAR REGIONS

A Physical and Economic Geography of the

Arctic and Antarctic

By R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN, D.Se. With 23 Maps.

Demy 8vo. I2S. 6d. net.

ASIA

An Economic and Regional Geography

By L. DUDLEY STAMP, D.Sc., B.A., M.I.P.T. With

324 Maps and Diagrams. Second Edition, Revised.

Demy Bvo. 27s. 6d. net.

CLIMATOLOGY

By A. AUSTIN MILLER, M.Sc. With 72 Maps and

Diagr"!Fs, Demy Bvo. 125. 6d. net.

FRANCE

A'Regional and Economic Geography

- By HILDA ORMSBY, B.Sc. With Maps. Demy 8vo.

In the Press

.

METHUEN & CO. LTD. LONDON

PREFACE T HE obje.ct of this book is to provide advanced students, ' and especially students of geography, with a.. re.asoned account of the world's climatic types. It is not intended to exempt the student from the reading of original works, but to give a foundation on to which he or she may build. Without entering into the physics of meteorological processes, with which the student is expected to be already familiar, effect is as far as possible related to cause, and, since the book ~s intended primarily for geographers, prominence is given to the human aspect and the practical application. In short, the book attempts to be .reasoned and not merely descriptive, hence the arrangement adopted is not regional but is based on climatic types, with a view to emphasizing the essential similarity of environ° ment in regions similarly situated and climatically allied. Particular attention is paid to the normal type, the regional peculiarities of the more important areas being dealt with separately. after the general description. The classification followed departs only in matters of detail from those in general use, but the boundary lines adopted are not always coincident with those genera!ly recognized; the reasons for these departures are set out in some detail in Chapter III. Except in matters of treatment and presentation the book makes no other claim to originality, and the author acknowledges his indebtedness to a mass of climatological literature much too large and varied to be listed in. detail. Generally this is acknowledged in the text or in foot-notes, but since the book is intended only as a text-book for students, chapter and verse are not always given in the references. The object in view in quoting references is rather to allow the student to follow up a particular line 'of inquiry should he wish to do so, and this purpose is effected by means of a. short guide to further reading at the end of each chapter; but it sometimes happens that an interesting side-track is exposed in the tex,t which it is impossible to pursue further and in such ca~es the way is pointed out in a foot-note. In general only those books and journals are quoted which would be readily accessible to a student in the library of the university or college.